On the inside

Despite the physical and mental torture that Winston undergoes, he is determined to prevail against O'Briens torture. Winston, though he has a strong will, O'Brien has the upper hand, he can torture Winston in the attempt to make him sane again. O'brein tortures winston on two levels, that of physical torture and the form that takes a more psychological route. The psychological torture revolves on degrading Winston and though winston tries to prevail through the pain, it is impossible. O'Brien is constantly degrading Winston, slowly breaking him down, an example of this is when O'Brien states "You are a flaw in the pattern, Winston. You are a stain that must be wiped out." This sort of psychological abuse not only damages Winston as a person, but bit by bit it strips away his morale and belief that he can beat O'Brien. The fact that O'Brien is degrading Winston is bad enough, but the hidden message behind it is that he is taking away Winstons hope to believe that he is sane, that his ideas are correct and that Winston is correct in his beliefs. And when O'Brien says " you are a stain that must be wiped out" he is using a harsh diction that even further weakens Winston. However there are two forms of torture, psychological and physical. The physical approach is dealt with in two ways, one through the "electroshock therapy" and a second, which is not so much torture, but a alternative to it, more of a helping hand in the process of rehabilitating a person, in this case Winston. In one instance Winston is laying on the bed when "two soft pads , which felt slightly moist, clamped themselves against Winston's temples. At this moment there was a devastating explosion, or what seemed like an explosion, though he was not certain there was any noise." Here it seems like Winston has expirenced some sort of extreme shock therapy, where the neuron connectors in his head have been severed, thus leaving Winston helpless. The "explosion" sends a line of fear to both the reader and through Winston because a feeling is helplessness is imposed upon him, and a feeling of utter devastation of his ideas and concepts. In the end Winston cannot fight the physical torture, and in the end he is broken, they Physically change is mind, they break the connections between his ideas, they steal his thoughts. However if Winston had only undergone psychological torture, it is believed that he would have of prevailed against the party for a longer time.

Winston's Resistance

In chapter 4 of book 3 in 1984, Winston seems as though he has been broken by the party, as he begins to try and accept their ways, however he soon realizes he is lying to himself and throws a fit of rage that results in his being taken to Room 101. Winston begins to write party slogans on a slate he has been given in an attempt to make himself believe they are true. "He wrote first in large clumsy capitals: FREEDOM IS SLAVERY. Then almost without a pause he wrote beneath it: TWO AND TWO MAKE FIVE."(277) The slogans all use doublethink, something which he has always had difficulty accepting. His inability to believe doublethink is what has landed him in the Ministry of Love in the first place, and it is eventually the cause of his further downfall. Later, Winston grows angry at his torture and calls out to Julia, as he wants to express his resistance to the Party and Big Brother. "Suddenly he started up with a shock of horror. The sweat broke out on his backbone. He had heard himself cry aloud: 'Julia! Julia! Julia, my love! Julia!'"(280). In his fit of anger he realizes that the party will not like that he is still in love with Julia and still hates their forces, so he does all that he can do against them, which is to yell out her name. His resistance is noticed and he is taken to room 101 for this "crime". Although Winston halfway wishes to comply with the party, he simply cannot force himself to believe lies, it is not in his nature.

Evil in Love

Winston is surprised how terrible the Ministry of Love actually is. The first person Winston is surprised by is Ampleforth. Ampleforth is merely a poet who "allowed the word 'God' to remain at the end of a line." (pg 230 Orwell). The crime had to be committed because there are only twelve words left in newspeak that could rhyme with 'rod'. The Ministry is surprised by this because it is treated as badly as treason. The second part is when the starving man frantically tries to avoid being sent to room 101. The man was willing to have his family killed by stating,"You can take the whole lot of them and cut their throats in front of my eyes," (pg 237). The man's desperation was reaching a point where he was willing to do anything. Winston saw, first hand, how the Ministry of Love broke people down to a point beyond repairable.

Communism In Society

Throughout history, communism has shown its presence through many different countries and events around the world, which some have defined eras of war and hate. The idea of communism is a society that governs itself, but a superior government has all the power until this goal can be accomplished. Possibly the greatest example of communism in society is the Holocaust lasting for about twelve years. Communism was shown when Hitler and his army wiped out around six million jews for the "better of society." Another well known example of communism is the Soviet Union in the late 1980's. They had originally planed for a society with freedom of speech, press, and assembly but soon came to be where they didn't like people to go against them. They ignored their original ideas and eventually started punishing those who did not agree with their ideas and also the rights of press were striped away due to the Unions dislike of publishing stories against them. Communism at one point in time was shown greatly across the world especially after World War II but since then that number has decreased immensely and today there are not that many countries left that follow the idea. But clearly communism has had an affect on society, not just in specific countries, but all over the word. Such as the Holocaust and Germany's involvement in World War II which impacted the world and events like those are never forgotten.

Socialism

In America socialism had a major increase between 1900 and 1912. It is well known as Government regulating distribution of goods and enterprise.

In the world today people are starting to bring about socialism to change their views and ways of the world. They believe capitalism can not meet the needs of the majority of "us". Some say that socialism is the believing of being saved in a helplessness cry of depression by the government. In the early century members of the socialist party took interest and sent out news letters to tell people the new up coming events. The party included 125,000 people. In the later 20th century socialism was well known for being the perfect man not chained down to government sayings and would not be condemned for the past.

Fascism is an authoritarian type of government that focuses primarily on nationalism and using violence as necessary. Fascist ideals started to pop up during World War I in Italy, and were for the most part welcomed by the people of Italy, who were tired of their poor economic condition and inability to immigrate elsewhere. Fascism generally demotes single-minded thoughts such as materialism and individualism, promoting a more unified state of mind. Rather than peaceful control, Fascism supports violence as a major method of political control. Benito Mussolini, one of the original creators of fascism, promoted it as a government that would use violence when it found it to be necessary, and create a social order based on race. The modern day view in the Middle East of Israel and its allies such as Hosni Mubarak is that of a Fascist coalition against Palestinian supporters. They say that the U.S. and Israel have made allies in Egypt and Tunisia creating a Fascist rule of the area. Their claims are supported by the fact that the old president of Egypt, Mubarak, did not allow aid caravans with supplies to the Gaza strip for the Palestinians there. Fascism is apparent in many societies today, although not so prominently as it has been in the past.

Bibliography

Fascism-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism

What is Fascism? Some General Ideological Features-http://www.publiceye.org/eyes/whatfasc.html

Zionist leaders: Yes to Jewish fascism, no to Islamic democracy- http://www.ptimes.org/main/default.aspx?xyz=BOgLkxlDHteZpYqykRlUuI1kx%2FVDUOFo2HSeCyO1KrsuC%2FuRhcZLbS1C69lg33XEnXJIUObXlusMy8GiwDAf1XiWyZIEOMe8s14sz7P2FWbTJGpm5rkFlKk9NSG92UjemwBoGtBzKnY%3D

Communism in the Past

Communism started when the USSR was founded, and Marx came to power. The political idea spread exponentially during WWII to Western Europe and the countries that fell to the Nazis. After the War ended, It dissolved as quickly as it arrived, for Europe. A few asian countries, however, stayed communist. Communism ended in the USSR when it was dissolved after the Cold War. The cause was not the war itself, but Mikhail Gorbachev wanting to modernize Russia's economy.

Russia's most well known ally in the Cold War, to the United States, was Cuba. Cuba became communist when Che Guevara and Fidel Castro overthrew the old government. Cuba was well known for having missiles, and they are within 100 miles of the United States.

The Asian countries, who kept communism, even after the Vietnam War and The Korean War. The five remaining countries that are still communist today are; Laos, China, North Korea, Vietnam, and Cuba. In the first link provided, there is a visual timeline that shows the spread and disintegration of communism in the 20th country.

There are several key points that the countries share. The first is that there flag has a star, or has some red in it. Also, during times of war, they will support each other. The extreme nature of most of the communist "iron curtain" has faded, and the countries are more modern and flexible with working with democratic countries.

http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/communis.htm

http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.aspgroupid=548&HistoryID=aa58&gtrack=pthc